• Proficient readers spontaneously and purposefully create mental images while and after they read. The
images emerge from all five senses, as well as emotions, and are anchored in readers’ background
knowledge.
• Proficient readers use images to immerse themselves in rich detail as they read. The detail gives depth and
dimension to the reading, engaging the reader more deeply, making the text more memorable.
• Proficient readers use images to draw conclusions, to create distinct and unique interpretations of the text,
to recall details significant to the text, and to recall a text after it has been read. Images from readers’
personal experience frequently become part of their comprehension.
• Proficient readers adapt their images as they continue to read. Images are revised to incorporate new
information revealed through the text and new interpretations as they are developed by the reader.
• Proficient readers understand and articulate how creating images enhances their comprehension.
• Proficient readers change and modify their images in response to images that other readers share.
“WHAT DO YOU HEAR, FEEL, TASTE, SMELL, AND PICTURE?”
“WHAT DO YOU SEE IN YOUR MIND?”
Good readers use visualising techniques and visual representations in the following ways.
Before reading
• students visually can organise their thinking, visualising the possible content, linking background knowledge
and forming predictions.
During reading
• students can visualise the content, comparing predictions with ideas, themes and information in the text.
They begin to form a visual representation of what they are reading.
After reading
• students can visually link new information with prior knowledge, visually represent what they have read in a
graphic summary, and build new understandings.
Below are examples of students' visualisation activity. As described in an earlier post. Look at the rich detail some of the students were able to include.
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